DNA Explained in Simple Terms:-
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DNA Explained in Simple Terms:-
DNA fingerprinting or DNA profiling or DNA typing is considered as the most significant contribution of science and technology in the twentieth century and is anticipated to become the universal technique of the twenty first century.This emerging technique has revolutionized the whole world by distinguishing every individual from the other individual.It plays a momentous role in criminal and civil justice delivery systems,identification of skeletal remains,detection of early diseases,inherited disorders etc.
Deoxyribonucleic acid, more commonly known as
DNA, is the complex chemical structure that uniquely identifies each and every organism.
An organism’s complete set of DNA is known as a genome.DNA is the fundamental
building block of the genome.DNA is located inside an organism’s chromosomes. A
chromosome is a structure found in the cell nucleus that contains genes, which
are the functional and physical unit of heredity passed from parent to offspring.
Chromosomes are composed of DNA as well as proteins. Each parent contributes
one Chromosome to each pair of a child’s chromosomes, so children get half of
their chromosomes from their mothers and half from their fathers.
Now we know that every organism is made up of
cells, which encompass chromosomes, which harbor our DNA. The specific position
on a chromosome of a gene where DNA is located is known as a locus. The locus,
which is a stretch of DNA, is what is analyzed for variability using different
methods of testing.
The two main DNA tests are restriction
fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
amplification of short tandem repeats (STRs).other testing methods exist, but
they lack accuracy and precision.
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